New at PipingDesign.com: 03 October 2000

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Steam Conditioning Plants
Institute of Instrumentation and Control Australia Inc.

<<The costs of energy are foremost considerations of Industry today and
it is becoming even more important to utilise it properly and efficiently. Processes that use steam for heating are reliant on precise Steam temperature and pressure control, and proper selection of the final control element, pays dividends of increased efficiency, decreased cost of ownership and more consistent product or process variable, control. Steam is often used for mechanical work in a superheated form, such as for running turbines. However, in the thermal transfer processes, the use of superheated Steam is extremely inefficient, as high temperature differentials are required or very large heat exchangers are necessary. It is ideal if the Steam is 'conditioned', to bring it close to its saturation temperature and then condensed, as the heat transfer is significantly improved.>>

Direct Injection Desuperheaters
Croll-Reynolds Company, Inc.

<<Steam is the most widely used heat transport fluid. Its properties are
well known and its characteristics at different levels of pressure and temperature are very predictable. Steam is used for both power generation and process operations. Unfortunately these two applications have conflicting requirements; turbines require high temperature, superheated steam for optimum efficiency, process applications require lower temperatures, closer to saturation. Yet a boiler is capable of producing steam to match only one of these conditions, and the power generation aspect is the usual winner. So, if the same steam is to be used for process applications such as heating, stripping or sparging, the superheated steam needs to be reduced in temperature. Therefore, the need for a desuperheater.>>

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Manufacturing Standards Overview (ASTM, DIN, ANSI, ASME, MSS, EN, ISO, NACE, UNS)
Santrade steel

<<There is a large number of standards - international and national -
that cover pipe, tube and fittings. A brief description of the most common standards is given below.>> Received on Tue Oct 03 18:27:00 2000