RE: High temperature Piping in Refineries

Installation of Centrifugal Pumps. a 2 part report written by Igor Karassik (who is also the author of Pump Handbook). Part I appeared Feb 1989 issue of Chem. Processing. Part II appeared March 1989.
The article talks about piping strains, disch paiping, expansion joint, 2 elbows in series and protection againts vortex formation.

Pitfalls and Misunderstanding - load and stress imposed by a comnnecting pipe.
Article contributed by LC PEng during the 2nd International HP Equipment Reliability Conf sponsored by Gulf Publishing. Peng is ac onuslting engineer based in Houston.

Machinery Reliability Assesment by Heinz Bloch. Heinz is well known equipment reliability expert dealing in turbomachinery. Look up Chapter 23 Review of mech'l structures and pipng for machinery.

May i add that the nozzle load is not limited to rotating machinery.Piping connected to fin fan coolers must also be design to meet the req't of API 661 so does the piping for fired heater (API 560) and the storage tanks API 650. The Pipng circuit for the reboilers require speical care too.