RE: Welding Elbows

From: <Christopher>
Date: Sun Apr 21 2002 - 20:26:00 EDT

>With Christopher FEA results, perhaps the SIF pioneered by Markl (in the
>summer of 1955)will require adjustment in B31.3 (the SIF in b31.1 now
>appears to make more sense)

Christopher's FEA results were for uniform heating only--no external loads and no thermal gradients through the pipe wall. The stress intensification factors and the flexibility adjustments apply to particular external loads. The uniform temperature produces deformation only with no stress. The fea model wasn't restrained, had that been the case there would have been thermal stress.

Christopher Wright P.E. |"They couldn't hit an elephant from <a href="/group/PipingDesign/post?postID=SQVikFOT-HKPuO3XmFh9NC7riY59F3gsiNIokO5zwrKiJf1Lw9dW8nwato0L7mYdKOkNoY2Nuob8">chrisw@skypoint.com</a> | this distance" (last words of Gen.

___________________________| John Sedgwick, Spotsylvania 1864)

<a href="http://www.skypoint.com/~chrisw">http://www.skypoint.com/~chrisw</a> Received on Sun Apr 21 20:26:00 2002