A steam trap serves as an automatic valve, which removes the hot
condensate, a byproduct of the heat transfer between the steam and the
fluid to be heated in a steam system. The hot condensate is returned
to the boiler to conserve its available heat.
Likewise, it is also important to remove the condensate from the heat
system because if
left at the bottom of a system, it reduces the efficiency of the heat transfer and it can cause several types of water hammer and thus, damage the pipe system. Steam traps also remove air and other non-condensable gases as they reduce the efficiency of the heat transfer. Other gases like CO2 and O2 have to be kept out of the system as well because they react to form the corrosive carbonic acid. Steam traps open to release condensate, air and CO2 but close to keep the steam in.
source:
<a href="http://www.azpiping.com/guide/steam-trap-and-drain-trap/">http://www.azpiping.com/guide/steam-trap-and-drain-trap/</a>
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