U.S. Army Corps of Engineers
<<Among other factors, the integrity and life of a piping system is dependent upon corrosion control. As discussed in previous chapters of this manual, internal corrosion of piping systems is controlled by the selection of appropriate materials of construction, wall thickness, linings and by the addition of treatment chemicals. External corrosion can also be addressed through materials of construction. However, other methods may be required when metallic piping systems are applied.>>
White Paper - Stainless SteelStainless Plate Products, Inc.
<<Stainless steels are primarily used when corrosion or oxidation is a problem. The function that they perform cannot be duplicated by other materials for their cost. Over 50 years ago, it was discovered that a minimum of 12% chromium would impart corrosion and oxidation resistance to steel. Hence the definition “Stainless Steels”, are those ferrous alloys that contain a minimum of 12% chromium for corrosion resistance. This development was the start of a family of alloys which has enabled the advancement and growth of chemical processing and power generating systems upon which our technological society is based. Subsequently several important sub-categories of stainless steels have been developed. The sub-categories are austenitic, martensitic, ferritic, duplex, precipitation hardening and super alloys.>>
Liquid Process Piping (PDF Document)U.S. Army corps of Engineers
<<This manual is to be used in the selection of piping systems and materials for chemical and physical unit processes. Process piping systems include pipe and appurtenances used to transport fluids. Separate guidance has been provided for plumbing, potable water, sewage, storm drainage, fuel and lubricant systems.>>
Piping Materials for Geothermal Heating SystemsGeo-Heat Center
<<The source of geothermal fluid for a direct use application is often located some distance away from the user. This requires a transmission pipeline to transport the geothermal fluid. Even in the absence of transmission line requirements, it is frequently advisable to employ other than standard piping materials for in-building or aboveground piping. Geothermal fluid for direct use applications is usually transported in the liquid phase and has some of the same design considerations as water distribution systems. Several factors including pipe material, dissolved chemical components, size, installation method, head loss and pumping requirements, temperature, insulation, pipe expansion and service taps should be considered before final specification.>>
Material Data Sheets for PipingNorsok Standard
<<This standard includes material requirement in a collection of Piping Material Data Sheets (MDS) for use in piping systems, selected according to NORSOK L-CR-001, Piping and Valves.>>
Petrotechnical Open Software Corporation Specifications, Version 2.2Material Class Instances
